zuó tiān xià yǔ, suǒ yǐ wǒ méi yǒu qù guàng jiē.
It rained yesterday, so I didn't go shopping.
The sentence uses the conjunction "所以" to connect two clauses and show the relationship between cause (it rained) and effect (didn't go shopping). The negative form "没有" is used to negate the action. The word order is Time + Event (Action or Condition) + Conjunction + Result (Action or Condition).
昨天 (zuó tiān): yesterday下雨 (xià yǔ): rain所以 (suǒ yǐ): so, therefore没有 (méi yǒu): did not去 (qù): go逛街 (guàng jiē): go shopping
Wǒ xiǎng yào yī bēi kāfēi.
I want a cup of coffee.
This sentence uses the combination of 想 and 要 to express 'want to'. The measure word 杯 is used to quantify the noun 咖啡.
我 (wǒ): I想要 (xiǎng yào): want一杯 (yī bēi): a cup of咖啡 (kāfēi): coffee
Nǐ de shēngrì shì shénme shíhòu?
When is your birthday?
This sentence is a question, which can be formed by adding a question word at the end of a statement. The word order in Chinese is the same as in English. The possessive particle 的 is used to indicate possession.
生日 (shēngrì): birthday什么时候 (shénme shíhòu): when你的 (nǐ de): your
nǐ xǐhuān kàn diànyǐng ma?
Do you like watching movies?
This sentence shows the interrogative form with "吗" at the end of the sentence, indicating a yes-no question. The verb "喜欢" and the object "看电影" are reversed from the normal subject-verb-object sentence structure.
你 (nǐ): you喜欢 (xǐhuān): like看 (kàn): watch电影 (diànyǐng): movie吗 (ma): question particle
Wǒ jiějiě hěn xǐhuān kàn diànyǐng.
My older sister likes to watch movies a lot.
This sentence shows the use of the adverb '很' to indicate the degree of liking. It is placed before the adjective '喜欢' to modify the verb's intensity. The verb '看' is placed after the object, '电影', to indicate what is being watched.
我 (wǒ): I姐姐 (jiějiě): older sister很 (hěn): very喜欢 (xǐhuān): like看 (kàn): watch电影 (diànyǐng): movie